Dialkylaminoalkylphenetidinopyridine quaternary ammonium salts



OALKYLPHENETEDWOPYRIDINE QUATERNARY AMltiGNIUM SALTS invention relates to quaternary ammonium salts ofdialkylaminoalkylphenetidinopyridines, @and to processes torthe preparation thereof. In particular, itrelates toi'p'yridin'e derivatives ofthe formula wherein Alk is a lower alkylene radical containing'at least 2 and not more than'4 carbon-atoms; Z is hydrogen or a methyl radical; 'R is a lower alkyl radical, that is, a radical containing not more than 4 carbon atoms; NRR" is either a lowerdialkylamino radical or a nitrogen-containing.heteromonocyclic radical; and X is one equivalent of "an anion.

In the compounds *of the foregoing formula, Alk represents alkylene radicals such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, and like bivalent radicals derived from 'satfi'ra'tdaliphatic hydrocarbons containing -2 to 4 carbon atoms. The radical R reprefsedts such flower a'Ik-yl radicals as methyl, ethyl, propyl, nepr pyl, b'utyl, iso'bmyL and secondary but yl. The :fadic'al's R and R" represent lower alkyl r'adi'cals o'f th'e fere aing type hrffak'en togetherwith'the'attached nitrogen, ftneyrepr'sem "smear ea nit'regeh-cema'ining hetero- }c'y'clfe radicals 'sijhas' piperidino, 'inorpliolino andlpyrrolidino radicals. The sub'stitu'e'nt X r'ep'r'es'efitsoife equivalent offa'n anidngas "remarked, and includes such nontoxfc anions as-chloride, bromide, iodide, methyl sulfate, e'tliyl'sulfate, benine'sulfonate, toluenesul fonate, tartrate, siic'cina'te, meme, acetate, citrate, nitrate, sulfate, phasphare'sutramate, and the like. 1

The "compounds of this invention are useful immediciue as antichloinergic agent's. specificalli'theygmanifest the property of blocking or inhibitingthe transmission of nerve-impulses across autonomicfga-nglia,parasympathetic neuroefiector junctions, and the -myoneural junctions 'in skeletal muscle. Moreover, the compounds of this invention show appreciable chemotherapeutic promise in the field of cardiac pathology. In particular, they-are valuablebecaus'e of their digitalis-like activity, showing marked capacity for myocardial stimulation in instances of insufiicien'cy associated with the failing heart. 7

:The subject compounds are soluble in water, as {also in aqueous solutions of alcohols and other water-miscible organic solvents. They maybe administered in solid form as tablets or capsules; dissolved in aqueous media, they may be :given .parenterally.

Thecompounds to which this invention-relates are conveniently zprepared according 'to the following procedure: An-eFhalOgenated pyridine or .p icoline, for example *2- bromo-4-methy1pyridine, is reacted with a phenet-idine, for example p-phenetidine, in the presence of a condensing States Patent F 2,785,173 Paeented- Mar. 12, .1957

agent such as potassium carbonate or, preferably, copper powder, to form-an'ot-phenetidino pyridine or picoli-ne. The condensation is ordinarilycarried out at elevated temperatures (120 to 175 Centigrade) and reduced.pressures(25 to 60 millimeters of '-mercury) over periods of time ranging upward from one hour. One suitable combination of temperature, pressure, and time is 1-40- 150 centigrade at 40 millimeters pressure for-6 hours. The phenetidinopyridine is, in turnreacted successively witha-condensin g agent such" as sodamide, and-a dialkylaminoalkyl halide, for-example diethylaminoethyl chloride, to produce thecorresponding-N-dialkylaminoalkyl- .phenetidino compound. Various-inert, non-polar, organic liquids will serve as--reac-tion media, toluene having-been found a solvent of choice Whensodamide is the con- (lensingagent. With potassium carbonate, butanone may beused. The reaction is-commonly run-at temperatures ofto centigrade and completed after approximately 20--hours.' Temperaturesofthe order of- 20 higher'or lower -may' also be used, and the reaction time may vary irom -10 to 'as long as '36'hours. Anitrogen atmosphere'is ordinarilymaintained throughout-the course of the react-ion, thoughthis-may be dispensed With-a-fter the first 2' or -3-l1ours. TheN-dialkylaminoalkylphenetidinopyridine thus formed,- the formula" of which -is I where' Z, All-r;- Rg and *R-'have the-meanings hereinbefo're dfin'edgis thefquaterriizedbyadditionof an alkyliester of therormula ('R a'iid X having t he 'ineanings hereinab'o've assigned), using temperatures in the-ran'ge' of'O" to 50 'ce'nti'grade ia'nd an inert solvent "such as chloroform,acetonef'butanone, metha'nol, 'biitanol, and the like. The reaction is ordinarily'completed in from 12 to 48'hours,--and is gener-ally cai riedoutin a'closedsystemif'a lower alkyl halide such as methyl chloride is one of the reagents. Using methyl chloride, the reaction may be smoothly efiected in chloroform solution at 25 centigfade for 24 hours.

The following examples will illustrate in detail certain of the pyridine derivatives which constitute the present invention, and methods which have been devised for their preparation. However, the invention is not to be construed as limited thereby either in spirit or in scope, since it will be apparent to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis warm-an modifications, both of materials and of methods, may be practiced Without departing from the purpose and intent of this disclosure. In the examples hereinafter detailed, temperatures are :given in degrees-centigrade C.), pressures in millimeters (mm.) of mercury, 'and relativ'e airiount's'of materials in, parts by weight, except 'as 'otherwisenote'd.

"Example 1 4-.merlzyl 2-(p-phenetidiiw)pyi'idirzeP -A mixture of 237 parts of 2-brorno-4-..ethylpyridine, 192 parts of p-phenetidlne, and '7 parts o fpopper powder is heated in a jacketed vessel at m C. (jacket temperature) and an ;absolute'pressure of 40 mm. of mercury for hours. The -mixture, which refiuxes .gently during. the first hour, gradually becomes 'more viscous and ceases reflux .as .the reaction progresses. An excess of 10% to vacuum distillation to remove the solvent.

equeous muriatic acid is added, whereupon the copper is filtered out and the reactants then made alkaline with an excess of 25% aqueous caustic soda. The base, thus precipitated as an oil, is induced to crystallize on cooling. The product is filtered out, ground and washed with water, and finally dried to give a tan solid melting at 9798 C. Recrystallization from volumes of methyl alcoholyields buff-colored crystals, M. P. 101102 C.

B. 2-(N-diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino) 4-methylpyridine.To a stirred suspension of 29 parts of sodamide in 2150 parts of dry toluene at 90100 C. under an at mosphere of nitrogen is added 170 parts of 4-metl1yl-2- (p-phenetidino) pyridine. The reactants are refluxed and stirred for approximately 3 hours, at the end of which time heating is discontinued and 100 parts of diethylaminoethyl chloride is slowly added. An exothermic reaction ensues, following which heat is again applied and reflux continued for 15 hours. Approximately 2500 parts of water is then added, whereupon the toluene layer is, successively, separated, washed with water, and subjected The dark, viscous oil which remains is the desired product. It may be converted to the hydrochloric acid salt by dissolving in 2000 parts of anhydrous ether and treating with two molecular equivalents of absolute alcoholic hydrogen chloride solution. The salt is isolated by decanting the supernatant ether-alcohol layer, taking up the residue in 1750 parts of boiling butanone, then allowing to cool and stand at 25 C. The dihydrochloride comes out as nearly colorless crystals which, recovered on a funnel and dried at 75 C., melt at 201-203 C.

C. 2-(N-diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino)-4-methylpyridine methobromide.A solution of 130 parts of 2-(N- V diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino)-4-mcthy1pyridine and 38 parts of methyl bromide in 750 parts of dry chloroform is allowed to react in a closed system for 24 hours at 25 C. The solvent is then distilled oif, leaving a viscous residue which is taken up in 2100 parts of anhydrous ether. The crystalline quaternary compound forms on standing. It is filtered ofi, rinsed with ether, and finally dried at 75 C. to a brown powder. The powder is dissolved in 1600 parts of butanone and the solution then treated with decolorizing charcoal, following which it is evaporated to approximately its original volume. Upon refrigeration and storage, there is deposited nearly colorless crystals of 2-(N-diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino)-4-methylpyridine methobromide which, filtered off,

Washed with fresh solvent, and dried, melts at 137 C.

A. 6-methyl-2-(p-phenetidino)-pyridine.-A mixture of 516 parts of 2-bromo-6-methylpyridine, 411 parts of p-phenetidine, and 10 parts of copper powder is heated in a jacketed vessel at 140l50 C. (jacket temperature) and an absolute pressure of 40 mm. of mercury for 6 hours according to the technique of Example 1A. The reaction mixture is then acidified with approximately 10,000 parts of 10% aqueous muriatic acid, filtered, and make alkaline with an excess of 25% aqueous caustic soda, in that order. The base so precipitated granulates on standing, and is thereupon filtered out and, successively, ground and washed with water, dried, and finally recrys- 4 tallized from 6 volumes of cyclohexane to give tan needles, M. P. 91-92 C.

B. 2-(N-diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino)-6-methylpyridine.Using essentially the procedure of Example 1B, 229 parts of 6-methyl-2-(p-phenetidino)pyridine, 39 parts of sodamide, and parts of diethylaminoethyl chloride in 2600 parts of toluene are reacted at reflux temperatures for 20 hours to give, in good yield, the desired 2 (N diethylaminoethyl p phenetidino) 6 methylpyridine as an oil. The base may be converted to the dihydrochloride by reaction in anhydrous ether solution with two molecular equivalents of absolute alcoholic hydrogen chloride solution. The salt comes down as a viscous oil which granulates on standing. Recrystallization from 10 volumes of a mixture consisting of 11 parts of isopropyl alcohol and 50 parts of ethyl acetate gives, on treatment with decolorizing charcoal, colorless crystals, M. P. 154 C.

C. 2 (N diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino)-6-methylpyridine meth0bromide.A solution of 135 parts of 2- (N diethylaminoethyl -p-phenetidino)-6-methylpyridine and 39 parts of methyl bromide in 1100 parts of chloroform is stored in a closed container for 24 hours at 25 C., at the end of which time the bulk of the solvent is removed by vacuum distillation and 2100 parts of anhydrous ether is then added to the viscous residue. The product, which becomes crystalline on standing, is recrystallized from 1000 parts of butanone to give white crystals of 2-(N-diethylaminoethyl p-phenetidino)-6-methylpyridine methobromide, M. P. 136-137 C. It has the formula CH: CgH;

I CHICH -N 1' Cali! Example 3 A. 6-methyl-2-(m-phenetidino)pyridine-A mixture of 344 parts of 2-brorno-6-methylpyridine, 274 parts of mphenetidine, and 10 parts of copper powder is heated at 140150 C. (jacket temperature) under an absolute pressure of 40 mm. of mercury for 6 hours in accordance with the procedure of Example 1A. Successive acidification, filtration, alkalization, and extraction with ether, followed by stripping of the solvent and distillation in vacuo, yields the desired base as a yellow oil, B. P. -147 C. at 0.3 mm. pressure. The monohydrochloride may be prepared from the base by treatment of an anhydrous other solution thereof with one molecular equivalent of absolute alcoholic .hydrochloric acid. The product, which melts at 114-115 C., is readily soluble in water.

B. 2 (N-diethylaminoethyl-m-phenetidino)-6-methylpyridine.lnteraction of 228 parts of 6-methyl-2-mphenetidinopyridine, 39 parts of sodamide, and 135 parts of diethylaminoethyl chloride, using 2600 parts of toluene as the solvent and following the procedure described in Example 1B, affords a good yield of Z-(N-diethylamino- 'ethyl-m-phenetidino)-6-methylpyridine which, treated in anhydrous ether solutionwith two molecular equivalents of absolute alcoholic hydrogen chloride solution, gives the dihydrochloride as a brown solid. The latter may be further purified by crystallization from 13 volumes of a mixture consisting of 8 parts of isopropyl alcohol and 36 parts of ethyl acetate, yielding colorless crystals, M. P. 169-170" C. a

C. 2 (N-diethylaminoethyZ-m-phenetidino)-6-methyl pyridine methobromide.The tertiary base of the preceding Example 3B is quaternized as described in Example 1C by reacting 163 parts thereof together with 48 parts of methyl bromide in 750 parts of chloroform for 24 O CgHa:

Example. .4 t

A. 2 (m-phenetidino)pyridine.A mixture of 158 parts of 2-bromopyridine, 137 parts of m-phenetidine, and 6 parts of copper powder is heated in a jacketed container at 140150 C. (jacket temperature) and an absolute pressure of 60 mm. of mercury for 3 hours, at the end of which time suflicient 10% aqueous muriatic acid is introduced to render the reaction mixture acid, whereupon the copper catalyst is filtered out. The filtrate is made alkaline with 25% aqueous caustic soda; and the base, which is precipitated as an oil, is then extracted into ether. Stripping of the solvent, followed by vacuum distillation, yields the desired 2-(m-phenetidino)-pyridine, B. P. 148- l5l C. at 0.7 mm. pressure. The monohydrochloride may be prepared from the base by treatment of an anhydrous ether solution thereof with one molecular equivalent of absolute alcoholic hydrochloric acid. The product is readily soluble in water.

B. 2 (N-fl-di-n-butylaminopropyl-m-phenetidino)pyridine.To a stirred suspension of 39 parts of sodamide in 3500 parts of benzene at reflux temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere is added 214 parts of 2-(m-phenetidino)- pyridine. The reaction mixture is maintained at reflux temperature, with stirring, until evolution of ammonia gas ceaseswhich is usually after about 5 hours. At this point, heating is temporarily discontinued while 250 parts of B-di-n-butylaminopropyl bromide is slowly added, following which heat is again applied and reflux continued with stirring for 24 hours. Approximately 4000 parts of water is then added, whereupon the benzene layer is, successively, separated, washed with water, and subjected to vacuum distillation to remove the solvent. The residual dark, viscous oil is the desired product. It may be converted to the hydrochloric acid salt by dissolution in 3000 parts of anhydrous ether and subsequent reaction with two molecular equivalents of absolute alcoholic hydrogen chloride solution according to the technique of Example 1B.

C. 2 (N-fi-di-n-butylaminopropyl-m-phenetidino)pyridine ethyl sulfate.A mixture consisting of 126 parts of the base of Example 4B, 50 parts of diethyl sulfate, and 500 parts of anhydrous butanol is maintained at 50 C., with stirring, for 30 hours. The quaternary ammonium compound so prepared has the formula \NIN HBCHCH:

E5 Cg-N (Dr-C411 S O 01H! Example A. 2-(p-phenetidino) pyridine.A mixture of 158 parts of 2-bromopyridine, 137 parts of p-phenetidine, and 6 parts of copper powder is heated at l40l50 C. (jacket temperature) under an absolute pressure of 40 mm. of mercury for 6 hours. The reaction mixture is worked up as described in Example 4A, successive acidification, filtration, 'alkaliz'ation, andxextractio'n witlrether, followed by stripping of the solvent and distillationin vacuo, yield ing-the desired base as nearly white crystals; M: 'P: 92 C.

B. 2-(N diethylaminoethyl-p 1minstialirizfl-pyridirze. By) reaction 05 214 parts' -0f the" 1 base pf the preceding Example 5A, 39 parts of sodamide, and; 135 parts ofi diethyla'mi-noethyl' chloride", using 260D' 'parts of-to1uene as the solvent and followin gthe procedure 'of'Example-lB, a good yield of 2-(N-diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino)- pyridine is obtained as an :oil.' Conversion to the dihydrochloride may be accomplished; in conventional fashion by treatment with two molecular equivalents of absolute alcoholic hydrogen chloride solution. The dihydrochloride may be crystallized from I0 volumes of a mixture consisting of 47 parts ofiisapropyl alcohol and 216 parts of ethyl acetate. It melts at 158-159 C.

C. 2-(N diethylaminoethyl p phenetidinm-pyridine m8fh0b70mid'. -Tll 'tertiary 'base' of Example 5B? is quaternized as described in Example 1C by interaction of 142 parts thereof Wifii-35parts of methyhbromide in 650 parts of chloroform for 24 hours at 25 C:" Crystalliza tion from 14 volumes of a mixture consisting of 30 parts of isopropyl alcohol, and 145 parts of ethyl acetate gives snow-white crystals,M. P. 159-:1601 C. The product is readily soluble in water. lthas theformula l 02KB HgCHr-N Br CaHr I claim: 1. A compound of the formula wherein Alk is a lower alkylene radical containing at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; Z is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and a methyl radical; R is a lower alkyl radical; NR'R" is a member of the group consisting of lower dialkylamino, pyrrolidino, morpholino and piperidino radicals; and X is one equivalent of a non-toxic anion.

halogen.

3. An N-diethylaminoethylphenetidinopicoline methobromide of the formula '7 o 4. 2 -(N diethylaminoethyl-p-phenetidino) ."4-methylpyridjne methpbromide. v w 7 5;, 2 (N 'diethylaminoethyl p-phenetidino) 6-methyl pyridine methobromide.

6. 2 -(N diethylaminoethyl-m-phenetidino)- G-methyl- 5 pyridine methobromide. V

7. An N dialkylaminoethylphenetidinopyridine, alkyl halide quaternary salt of the formula 2' whefein R, R, and R" are lower alkyl groups and X is halogen.

9; 21-'(N-p-' di-n-buty1aminopropyl-m-phenetidino)-pyri; dine ethyl sulfate. Q s "10, 2- (N-- diethylaminoethyl p phenetidino)-pyridine methobromide. r g V Referehces Cited in fileof this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,406,594 Djerassi et al. Aug. 27, 1946 2,479,843 Knox et al Aug. 23, 1949 2,502,151 Horclois Mar. 28, 1950 2,623,880 Hopfi' et a1. Dec. 30, 1952 OTHER REFERENCES Idson: Chem. Reviews, .vol. 47 (December 1950) pp. 841-44, 377, 379, 462-66, 470-73, 477-79 and 505-08.

8. An N-diethylaminoethylphehetidinopyridine metho- 20 

1. A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA 